King Edward I invaded Wales in 1282 and built castles across the country.  He hired James of St. George to build the last and greatest of all castles, Harlech Castle.  Harlech held out against the siege of Madog ap Llywelyn in 1294-1295, fell to Owain Glynd?r in 1404, and then was recaptured by the English in 1409.  During the War of the Roses, it was a Lancastrian stronghold for seven years until it was surrendered to the Yorkists in 1468.  During the English Civil War, it was the last hold-out of the Royalists, falling to the Parliamentarians in 1647.

Location: Liberty Hall, 325 W. Benton, lecture room